Abstraction
Abstraction:
- Hides complexity from the user
- Reduces code repetition and dependencies
- Allows for overriding implemention details
- Partial abstaction with abstract classes
- Total abstraction with interfaces
Abstraction is the process of hiding complexity from the user and showing only higher level actions they can take. For instance, you don't need to know how input handling works in detail, all you need to do is use abstractions. I can use methods like Input.GetKey() or Input.OnMouseDown(), that hide the implementation details but still allow me to manage inputs.
Abstraction can be achieved through the use of abstract classes and interfaces. With interfaces allowing for total abstraction, where you don't need to know any implementation details at all. In both of these you only need to define a method signature and let each class implement the method in their own way.
Abstractions can be used improperly, and in the worst cases they can couple rather than decouple code. Abstractions should be based on real concepts in the system you are working on that allow you to describe it in natural language. When used correctly they decouple code and reduce dependencies.